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The and, released in 1984 The family of Macintosh operating systems developed by includes the -based it has designed for use with its series of since 1984, as well as the related it once created for compatible systems. In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the with its release of the. The system, rebranded 'Mac OS' in 1996, was preinstalled on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on for a short time in the 1990s. Noted for its ease of use, it was also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors. The current Mac operating system is, originally named 'Mac OS X' until 2012 and then 'OS X' until 2016. Developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of, Mac OS X brought an entirely new architecture based on, a system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that faced the classic Mac OS. The current macOS is preinstalled with every Mac and is updated annually.
It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other devices,. Prior to the introduction of Mac OS X, Apple experimented with several other concepts, releasing different products designed to bring the Macintosh interface or applications to systems or vice versa,. Apple's effort to expand upon and develop a replacement for its classic Mac OS in the 1990s led to a few cancelled projects,. Although they have different architectures, the Macintosh operating systems share a common set of principles, including a across the top of the screen; the, featuring a that represents and using and relates concepts like and to real-world objects like and a; and overlapping for.
The Macintosh is credited with having popularized this concept. Classic Mac OS. Released in 1999 The is the original Macintosh operating system that was introduced in 1984 alongside the and remained in primary use on Macs through 2001. Apple released the on January 24, 1984; its was partially based on the and the computer, which former Apple CEO previewed. It was originally named 'System Software', or simply 'System'; Apple rebranded it as 'Mac OS' in 1996 due in part to its program that ended a year later. Mac OS is characterized by its. It was noted as easy to use and featured for most of its history, but it was criticized for its limited, lack of and, and susceptibility to conflicts among.
Releases Nine major versions of the classic Mac OS were released. The name 'Classic' that now signifies the system as a whole is a reference to that helped ease the transition to. – 'System 1', released in 1984. – released between 1985 and 1987. – released in 1987.
– released in 1988. – released in 1991.
– released in 1997. – final major version, released in 1999 Mac OS X/OS X/macOS. Released in 2016 (originally named 'Mac OS X' until 2012 and then 'OS X' until 2016) is the current Mac operating system that officially succeeded the classic Mac OS in 2001.
Although the system was originally marketed as simply 'version 10' of Mac OS, it has of the classic Mac OS. It is a -based operating system built on and other technology developed at from the late 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company and its CEO returned to Apple. Precursors to the original release of Mac OS X include, Apple's project, and the. MacOS makes use of the codebase and the kernel, and its core set of components is based upon Apple's. Releases Desktop The first version of the system was released on March 24, 2001, supporting the.
Since then, adding newer features and technologies have been released. Since 2011, new releases have been offered on an annual basis. – code name 'Cheetah', released in 2001. – code name 'Puma', released in 2001. – also marketed as 'Jaguar', released in 2002.
– version 10.3, released in 2003. – version 10.4, released in 2005. – version 10.5, released in 2007. – version 10.6, released in 2009. – version 10.7, released in 2011. – version 10.8, released in 2012. – version 10.9, released in 2013.
– version 10.10, released in 2014. – version 10.11, released in 2015. – version 10.12, released in 2016 Server An early version of the system was released in 1999 as a technology preview. It was followed by several more official server-based releases. Server functionality has instead been offered as an add-on for the desktop system since 2011. – code name 'Hera', released in 1999. – several releases since 2001 Other projects Shipped A/ROSE.
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Main article: (as in 'to boldly go where no Mac has gone before') was a relatively unknown secret prototype beginning in 1992, whose goal was to create a version of the classic Mac OS that would run on -compatible personal computers. In partnership with Apple and with support from Intel, the project was instigated by, which was looking to integrate its with the Mac OS GUI as a mutual response to the monopoly of 's and MS-DOS. A team consisting of four from Apple and four from Novell was able to get the and some basic applications such as, running smoothly on the x86 architecture. The project was canceled a year later in early 1993, but some of the code was reused later when porting the Mac OS to.
Main article: was a project at Apple to create an updated version of the. It was to have introduced, and a number of new underlying operating system features, yet still be compatible with existing Mac software.
As originally planned, a follow-up release known as 'Gershwin' would add and other advanced features. New features were added more rapidly than they could be completed, and the completion date slipped into the future with no sign of a release. In 1996, Apple decided to cancel the project outright and find a suitable third-party system to replace it.
Copland development ended in August 1996, and in December 1996, Apple announced that it was buying for its operating system. Timeline Timeline of.